Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is a malignant lymphoid neoplasm characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, typically arising in lymph nodes and exhibiting a predictable pattern of spread.

Definition

Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is a malignant lymphoid neoplasm characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, typically arising in lymph nodes and exhibiting a predictable pattern of spread.

Epidemiology

Accounts for ~10% of all lymphomas
Bimodal age distribution: peaks at 15–35 years and >55 years
Slight male predominance
Incidence higher in developed countries
Family history and certain viral infections (EBV) are risk factors

Etiology

Exact cause unknown
Association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in 40–50% of cases
Genetic predisposition in some families
Immune dysregulation or immunosuppression may contribute
Environmental and occupational exposures have limited evidence

Pathophysiology

Malignant transformation of B lymphocytes in germinal centers
Reed-Sternberg cells secrete cytokines leading to inflammatory infiltrate
Inflammatory microenvironment contributes to tumor growth and systemic symptoms
Spread occurs via contiguous lymph node chains
Extranodal involvement is less common than in non-Hodgkin lymphoma